Unit 84

Cara Kumpul Data

Mulakan dengan satu soalan yang jelas, contohnya jenis buah kegemaran rakan sekelas.

Langkah 1

Tentukan perkara yang hendak dikumpul

Mulakan dengan satu soalan yang jelas, contohnya jenis buah kegemaran rakan sekelas.

soalan jelas → jawapan boleh dikelaskan

soalan jelas = 清楚的问题
收集数据第一步是定一个清楚的问题，例如同学最喜欢什么水果。问题清楚，答案才能分成几类；问题含糊，回答就五花八门。
例子：问20位同学最喜欢红、蓝还是绿，结果8 + 7 + 5 = 20个答案。
注意：别问“你今天怎样？”这种答案难以分类的问题。

soalan jelas = a clear question
Data collection starts with one clear question, such as which fruit your classmates like best. A clear question gives answers that can be sorted into groups.
Example: Ask 20 pupils whether they like red, blue or green best. The results 8 + 7 + 5 = 20 answers.
Watch out: A vague question like how are you today gives answers that cannot be grouped.

Langkah 2

Kelas jawapan mengikut kategori

Letakkan setiap jawapan dalam kategori yang betul supaya data tidak bercampur.

jawapan → kategori yang sepadan

kategori = 类别
每个答案都要放进对应的类别，例如香蕉放进香蕉类，不能放进苹果类。类别分清楚，数据才不会混在一起。
例子：答案是猫、狗、猫、鱼、猫，猫3个、狗1个、鱼1个，3 + 1 + 1 = 5个答案。
注意：类别不能重叠，同时有“水果”和“苹果”，一个答案就会被放两次。

kategori = category
Put every answer into the category that matches it, so a banana goes with bananas, not apples. Clear categories keep the data from getting mixed up.
Example: Answers cat, dog, cat, fish, cat give cat 3, dog 1, fish 1, and 3 + 1 + 1 = 5 answers.
Watch out: Categories must not overlap; having both fruit and apple lets one answer fall into two groups.

Langkah 3

Rekod dengan gundal atau bilangan

Rekod satu jawapan pada satu masa dengan tanda gundal, lukis gambar atau warnakan petak, kemudian kira jumlah bagi setiap kategori.

satu jawapan = satu gundal → kira jumlah

tanda gundal = 划记符号
每听到一个答案，就在对应类别画一笔，一个答案只画一笔。第5笔横着划过前4笔，五笔一组方便数。最后把每类的笔数加起来。
例子：芒果类有两组满五的划记和3笔，5 + 5 + 3 = 13。
注意：横线就是第5笔，不是第6笔，别把一组数成6。

tanda gundal = tally mark
Draw one tally mark for each answer you hear, only one mark per answer. The fifth mark crosses the first four, making a bundle of 5 that is easy to count.
Example: Mango has two full bundles and 3 single marks: 5 + 5 + 3 = 13.
Watch out: The crossing line is the fifth mark, not a sixth one, so a bundle is always 5.

Semak cepat · Soalan 1 / 2

Cuba sendiri

Pilih jawapan. Jika belum tepat, baca petunjuk dan cuba lagi.

Langkah pertama mengumpul data ialah…

langkah pertama = 第一步
题目问收集数据时最先要做的是什么。想一想：还没开始问人之前，我们要先决定什么？把每个选项放在流程的开头试一试，看接下来能不能顺利收集。
例子：调查12位同学的早餐，先计划好再分类计数，例如7 + 5 = 12。
注意：“第一步”指整个流程的开头，不是记录或画图那一步。

langkah pertama = first step
The question asks what you do before anything else when collecting data. Before asking anyone, what must be decided? Put each choice at the very start and see if the rest of the work could follow.
Example: To survey 12 pupils about breakfast, plan first, then count, such as 7 + 5 = 12.
Watch out: First step means the start of the whole process, not the recording stage.

Semak cepat · Soalan 2 / 2

Cuba sendiri

Pilih jawapan. Jika belum tepat, baca petunjuk dan cuba lagi.

Satu jawapan direkodkan dengan…

direkodkan = 记录
题目问每一个答案要用什么方法记录。线索是“一个答案”：记录的数目要和答案的数目一样，总数才准确。用这个规则检查每个选项。
例子：收到9个答案，就该有9笔记录，数一数：5 + 4 = 9。
注意：多记或漏记，总数就会和被问的人数对不上。

direkodkan = recorded
The question asks how one answer should be recorded. The clue is one answer: the number of marks must equal the number of answers so the total is correct. Test each choice with that rule.
Example: 9 answers should give 9 marks, counted as 5 + 4 = 9.
Watch out: Extra or missing marks make the total different from the number of people asked.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

Kamu telah belajar tentang Cara Kumpul Data.

Ingat: tentukan perkara yang hendak dikumpul; kelas jawapan mengikut kategori; rekod dengan gundal atau bilangan.

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