Unit 53

Selesaikan

Jumlah, baki, harga setiap satu dan kongsi sama banyak membantu menentukan operasi.

Langkah 1

Cari kata kunci

Jumlah, baki, harga setiap satu dan kongsi sama banyak membantu menentukan operasi.

jumlah + · baki − · setiap × · kongsi ÷

kata kunci = 关键词
应用题的关键词告诉我们用哪种运算：jumlah 用加法，baki 用减法，setiap 用乘法，kongsi sama banyak 用除法。先圈出关键词，再决定算法。例子：4个小朋友 kongsi RM12，用除法，RM12 ÷ 4 = RM3。注意：baki 是剩下的钱，要用减法，不是加法。

kata kunci = key words
Key words show which operation to use: jumlah means add, baki means subtract, setiap means multiply, and kongsi sama banyak means divide. Circle the key word before choosing a method. Example: four children kongsi RM12, so divide: RM12 ÷ 4 = RM3. Watch out: baki is the money left over, which calls for subtraction, not addition.

Langkah 2

Tulis ayat matematik

Tulis ayat matematik dengan unit RM. Contohnya, 5 buku berharga RM9 setiap satu: 5 × RM9 = RM45. RM18 dikongsi 2 orang: RM18 ÷ 2 = RM9.

maklumat → ayat matematik → kira

Tulis ayat matematik = 写数学句子
把题目里所有重要资料写成一个数学句子，例如 RM15 + RM8 = __，再开始计算。每个数都要带 RM，单位才清楚。例子：Ali 有 RM15，再得到 RM8，RM15 + RM8 = RM23。注意：读完整个故事再写，不要漏掉任何一个数。

Tulis ayat matematik = write a number sentence
Turn all the important facts into one number sentence, such as RM15 + RM8 = __, before calculating. Keep RM on every amount so the unit stays clear. Example: Ali has RM15 and gets RM8 more, so RM15 + RM8 = RM23. Watch out: read the whole story first so no number is left out of the sentence.

Langkah 3

Semak kewajaran

Anggar, gunakan operasi songsang dan pastikan jawapan sesuai dengan cerita.

anggar · operasi songsang · cerita

Semak kewajaran = 检查是否合理
算完后用三种方法检查：先估答案大约多少，再用相反的运算回算，最后看答案是否符合故事。例子：买东西后剩 RM60 − RM22 = RM38，回算 RM38 + RM22 = RM60，而且余额比原来少，合理。注意：余额比原有的钱还多，就一定算错了。

Semak kewajaran = check if it makes sense
Check in three ways: estimate the answer, use the inverse operation, and see whether it fits the story. Example: after shopping, RM60 − RM22 = RM38; adding back gives RM38 + RM22 = RM60, and the balance is less than the starting money, so it makes sense. Watch out: a balance bigger than the money you began with must be wrong.

Semak cepat · Soalan 1 / 2

Cuba sendiri

Pilih jawapan. Jika belum tepat, baca petunjuk dan cuba lagi.

Nadia ada RM24.50 dan menerima RM15.50 lagi. Jumlahnya…

Jumlahnya = 总数
Nadia 原有 RM24.50，又得到 RM15.50，题目问总共多少。menerima lagi 表示要用加法。先加仙：50 sen + 50 sen = 100 sen，要换成 RM1 进位。加钱的时候，仙和仙相加，令吉和令吉相加，最后再整理进位。例子：RM12.50 + RM6.50 = RM19.00。注意：100仙刚好是一令吉，记得进位到令吉。

Jumlahnya = the total
Nadia has RM24.50 and receives RM15.50 more; find her total. The words menerima lagi tell you to add. Add the sen first: 50 sen + 50 sen = 100 sen, which regroups into RM1 for the ringgit. Example: RM12.50 + RM6.50 = RM19.00. Watch out: 100 sen makes a whole ringgit, so remember to carry it.

Semak cepat · Soalan 2 / 2

Cuba sendiri

Pilih jawapan. Jika belum tepat, baca petunjuk dan cuba lagi.

Hakim ada RM70 dan membeli kasut RM46. Bakinya…

Bakinya = 余额
Hakim 有 RM70，买了 RM46 的鞋子，问还剩多少。baki 提示用减法：RM70 减 RM46。个位0不够减6，要借位，算完用加法回算到 RM70。例子：RM50 − RM27 = RM23，检查 RM23 + RM27 = RM50。注意：借位后十位的7要变成6，别忘了改。

Bakinya = the balance
Hakim has RM70 and buys shoes for RM46; find what is left. The word baki points to subtraction. The ones digit 0 is smaller than 6, so borrow from the tens, then add back to RM70 to check. Example: RM50 − RM27 = RM23, and RM23 + RM27 = RM50. Watch out: after borrowing, the 7 in the tens becomes 6.

Ringkasan

Syabas!

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Ingat: cari kata kunci; tulis ayat matematik; semak kewajaran.

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