Unit 24

Darab

Darab digunakan apabila beberapa kumpulan mempunyai bilangan objek yang sama: bilangan kumpulan × bilangan objek dalam setiap kumpulan = jumlah objek.

Langkah 1

Kumpulan sama banyak

Darab digunakan apabila beberapa kumpulan mempunyai bilangan objek yang sama: bilangan kumpulan × bilangan objek dalam setiap kumpulan = jumlah objek.

4 kumpulan tiga-tiga = 4 × 3

Kumpulan sama banyak = 数量相同的组
当好几组东西每组数量都一样时，就可以用乘法。第一个数写有几组，第二个数写每组有几个。画面中 4 组、每组 3 个，就写成 4 × 3。
例子：5 个盘子，每盘 2 个苹果，写成 5 × 2 = 10 个苹果。
注意：每组数量不一样时，不能用乘法，只能一组一组加。

Kumpulan sama banyak = Equal groups
We use multiplication when several groups each have the same number of objects. The first number tells how many groups, and the second tells how many in each group. Four groups of three are written as 4 × 3.
Example: 5 plates with 2 apples on each plate: 5 × 2 = 10 apples.
Watch out: If the groups have different amounts, you cannot multiply; you must add them one by one.

Langkah 2

Tambah berulang

4 × 3 bermaksud 3 + 3 + 3 + 3. Jawapannya ialah 12.

3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 4 × 3 = 12

Tambah berulang = 重复加法
乘法就是把同一个数重复相加。4 × 3 表示把 3 加 4 次：3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12。加了几次，乘号前面就写几。
例子：6 + 6 + 6 = 18，可写成 3 × 6 = 18。
注意：要数清楚加了几次，不要把相加的那个数当成次数。

Tambah berulang = Repeated addition
Multiplication is adding the same number again and again. 4 × 3 means adding 3 four times: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12. The number before the sign shows how many times we add.
Example: 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 can be written as 3 × 6 = 18.
Watch out: Count how many times the number is added; do not mix it up with the number being added.

Langkah 3

Susunan boleh bertukar

3 × 4 dan 4 × 3 mempunyai hasil darab yang sama walaupun susunan kumpulan berubah.

3 × 4 = 4 × 3

Susunan boleh bertukar = 次序可以对调
3 × 4 是 3 组、每组 4 个；4 × 3 是 4 组、每组 3 个。排法不同，但总数都是 12。所以两个数交换位置，乘积不变。
例子：2 × 7 = 14，7 × 2 也是 14：两排各 7 颗星，和七排各 2 颗星一样多。
注意：交换后组数和每组数量也对调了，画图时要跟着改。

Susunan boleh bertukar = Order can change
3 × 4 is three groups of four, while 4 × 3 is four groups of three. The arrangement looks different, but both make 12. Swapping the two numbers does not change the product.
Example: 2 × 7 = 14 and 7 × 2 = 14: two rows of 7 stars equal seven rows of 2 stars.
Watch out: When you swap, the drawing changes too: the number of groups and the group size trade places.

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3 kumpulan empat-empat bersamaan…

Kumpulan empat-empat = 每组四个
题目说有 3 组，每组 4 个，问这等于哪一个算式。线索是组数和每组数量，两个都要出现在乘法里。可以画 3 个圈、每圈放 4 点来数一数，看哪个式子的数和结果都对。
例子：2 组每组 5 个，写成 2 × 5 = 10。
注意：带加号的式子只把两个数加一次，和“几组一样多”的意思不同。

Kumpulan empat-empat = Groups of four
The question describes 3 groups with 4 in each and asks which number sentence matches. The clues are the number of groups and the number in each group; both must appear in a multiplication. Draw 3 circles with 4 dots each and count.
Example: 2 groups of five is 2 × 5 = 10.
Watch out: A plus sign adds the two numbers only once, which is not equal groups.

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5 + 5 + 5 + 5 boleh ditulis sebagai…

Tambah berulang = 连加改写
题目把 5 连加了好几次，问可以写成哪个乘法。方法是先数一数 5 出现了几次，这个次数就是组数，5 是每组的数量。再检查：乘法算出的结果要和连加的结果一样。
例子：2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 是五个 2，写成 5 × 2 = 10。
注意：数次数时只数加数，不要把加号也算进去。

Tambah berulang = Repeated addition to multiplication
The question adds 5 several times and asks how to write it as multiplication. Count how many fives there are; that count is the number of groups, and 5 is the size of each group. Then check that the product equals the total of the addition.
Example: 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 is five twos, so 5 × 2 = 10.
Watch out: Count the numbers being added, not the plus signs between them.

Ringkasan

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Ingat: kumpulan sama banyak; tambah berulang; susunan boleh bertukar.

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